The Effectiveness of Legal Protection for Sustainable Tourism in Ujung Kulon National Park
Keywords:
Conservation Law, Sustainable Tourism, Ujung Kulon National Park, Legal EffectivenessAbstract
The legal protection of conservation areas has become increasingly important in achieving sustainable tourism, yet previous studies have generally examined conservation law enforcement, protected area management, and sustainable tourism separately. This study examines the effectiveness of legal protection for the Ujung Kulon National Park ecosystem in supporting sustainable tourism development. It aims to evaluate the implementation of Indonesia's conservation legal framework and to identify how legal protection contributes to balancing biodiversity conservation with sustainable tourism objectives. This study employed a normative empirical legal research design using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials were analysed together with field data obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the legal protection of Ujung Kulon National Park has been relatively effective, supported by strengthened conservation legislation, coordinated institutional law enforcement, zoning based management, and community participation. However, the implementation of ecological restoration mechanisms and the equitable distribution of tourism benefits remain less developed than the regulatory and law enforcement dimensions. The novelty of this study lies in integrating Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness with the effectiveness and justice framework for conservation governance to evaluate legal protection within the context of sustainable tourism. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on law enforcement or conservation management, this research demonstrates that legal effectiveness should also be assessed through ecological restoration and the equitable distribution of socioeconomic benefits. These findings contribute to the advancement of conservation law scholarship while providing practical guidance for strengthening conservation governance and sustainable tourism policy in protected areas.
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